Hi Tim,
From the pics you have put up, that’s more likely to be a modified metal lathe chuck, maybe from a Swiss made or older German made lathe. Most wood turning chucks have the screw holding fixtures ruining centrally down the sliding jaws. Yours seem to be affixed around the chuck body, not the jaws.
As an old engineer, an adapter to fix within the chuck and be true to the chuck body threads, would cost, maybe more than the cost of a new modern chuck and set of jaws, which could be changed with others.
That’s just my thoughts.
Kelvin